思科路由器广域网协议设置

2016-11-23 00:00:00嘉辉 思科认证

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  Cisco路由器同时支持回拨功能,我们将路由器Router1作为Callback Server,Router2作为Callback Client。

  与回拨相关命令:

任务 命令
映射协议地址和电话号码,并在接口上使用在全局模式下定义的PPP回拨的映射类别。 dialer map protocol address namehostname class classname dial-string
设置接口支持PPP回拨 ppp callback accept
在全局模式下为PPP回拨设置映射类别 map-class dialer classname
通过查找注册在dialer map里的主机名来决定回拨.  dialer callback-server [username]
设置接口要求PPP回拨 ppp callback request 
  设置如下:

  Router1:

  hostname router1

  user router2 password cisco

  !

  isdn switch-type basic-net3

  !

  interface bri 0

  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0

  encapsulation ppp

  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 class s3 572

  dialer load-threshold 80

  ppp callback accept

  ppp multilink

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  map-class dialer s3

  dialer callback-server username

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  Router2:

  hostname router2

  user router1 password cisco

  !

  isdn switch-type basic-net3

  !

  interface bri 0

  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0

  encapsulation ppp

  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571

  dialer load-threshold 80

  ppp callback request

  ppp multilink

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  相关调试命令:

  debug dialer

  debug isdn event

  debug isdn q921

  debug isdn q931

  debug ppp authentication

  debug ppp error

  debug ppp negotiation

  debug ppp packet

  show dialer

  show isdn status

  举例:执行debug dialer命令观察router2呼叫router1,router1回拨router2的过程.

  router1#debug dialer

  router2#ping 192.200.10.1

  router1#

  00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up

  00:03:50: BRI0:1:PPP callback Callback server starting to router2 572

  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

  00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down

  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call

  00:03:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up

  00:03:52: callback to router2 already started

  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

  00:03:52: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down

  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call

  00:04:05: : Callback timer expired

  00:04:05: BRI0:beginning callback to router2 572

  00:04:05: BRI0: Attempting to dial 572

  00:04:05: Freeing callback to router2 572

  00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up

  00:04:05: BRI0:1: No callback negotiated

  00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up

  00:04:05: dialer Protocol up for Vi1

  00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state

  to up

  00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, chang

  ed state to up

  00:04:11: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 572

  #router1

  4. ISDN访问首都在线263网实例:

  本地局部网地址为10.0.0.0/24,属于保留地址,通过NAT地址翻译功能,局域网用户可以通过ISDN上263网访问Internet。263的ISDN电话号码为2633,用户为263,口令为263,所涉及的命令如下表:

任务 命令
指定接口通过PPP/IPCP地址协商获得IP地址 ip address negotiated
指定内部和外部端口 ip nat {inside | outside}
使用ppp/pap作认证 ppp authentication pap callin
指定接口属于拨号组1 dialer-group 1
定义拨号组1允许所有IP协议 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
设定拨号,号码为2633 dialer string 2633 
设定登录263的用户名和口令 ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263
设定默认路由 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0
设定符合访问列表2的所有源地址被翻译为bri 0所拥有的地址 ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload
设定访问列表2,允许所有协议 access-list 2 permit any
  具体配置如下:

  hostname Cisco2503

  !

  isdn switch-type basic-net3

  !

  ip subnet-zero

  no ip domain-lookup

  ip routing

  !

  interface Ethernet 0

  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

  ip nat inside

  no shutdown

  !

  interface Serial 0

  shutdown

  no description

  no ip address

  !

  interface Serial 1

  shutdown

  no description

  no ip address

  !

  interface bri 0

  ip address negotiated

  ip nat outside

  encapsulation ppp

  ppp authentication pap callin

  ppp multilink

  dialer-group 1

  dialer hold-queue 10

  dialer string 2633

  dialer idle-timeout 120

  ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263

  no cdp enable

  no ip split-horizon

  no shutdown

  !

  ip classless

  !

  ! Static Routes

  !

  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0

  !

  ! Access Control List 2

  !

  access-list 2 permit any

  !

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  ! Dynamic NAT

  !

  ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload

  snmp-server community public ro

  !

  line console 0

  exec-timeout 0 0

  !

  line vty 0 4

  !

  end

  5. Cisco765M通过ISDN拨号上263

  由于Cisco765的设置命令与我们常用的Cisco路由器的命令不同,所以以下列举了通过Cisco765上263访问Internet的具体命令行设置步骤。

  >set system c765

  c765> set multidestination on

  c765> set switch net3

  c765> set ppp multilink on

  c765> cd lan

  c765:LAN> set ip routing on

  c765:LAN> set ip address 10.0.0.1

  c765:LAN> set ip netmask 255.0.0.0

  c765:LAN> set briding off

  c765:LAN>cd

  c765> set user remotenet

  New user remotenet being created

  c765:remotenet> set ip routing on

  c765:remotenet> set bridging off

  c765:remotenet> set ip framing none

  c765:remotenet> set ppp clientname 263

  c765:remotenet> set ppp password client

  Enter new Password: 263

  Re-Type new Password: 263

  c765:remotenet> set ppp authentication out none

  c765:remotenet> set ip address 0.0.0.0

  c765:remotenet> set ip netmask 0.0.0.0

  c765:remotenet> set ppp address negotiation local on

  c765:remotenet> set ip pat on

  c765:remotenet> set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0

  c765:remotenet> set number 2633

  c765:remotenet> set active

  命令描述如下:

任务 命令
设置路由器系统名称 set system c765
允许路由器呼叫多个目的地 set multidestination on
设置ISDN交换机类型为NET3 set switch net3
允许点到点间多条通道连接实现负载均衡 set ppp multilink on
关掉桥接 set briding off
建立用户预制文件用于设置拨号连接参数- 可以设置多个用户预制文件用于相同的物理端口对应于不同的连接。 set user remotenet
使用PPP/IPCP set ip framing none
设置上网用户帐号 set ppp clientname 263
设置上网口令 set ppp password client
Enter new Password: 263
Re-Type new Password: 263
不用PPP/CHAP或PAP做认证 set ppp authentication out none
允许地址磋商 set ppp address negotiation local on
设置地址翻译 set ip pat on
设置默认路由 set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0
设置ISP的电话号码 set number 2633
激活用户预制文件 set active
  六、PSTN

  电话网络(PSTN)是目前普及程度最高、成本最低的公用通讯网络,它在网络互连中也有广泛的应用。电话网络的应用一般可分为两种类型,一种是同等级别机构之间以按需拨号(DDR)的方式实现互连,一种是ISP为拨号上网为用户提供的远程访问服务的功能。

  1. 远程访问

  1.1.Access Server基本设置:

  选用Cisco2511作为访问服务器,采用IP地址池动态分配地址.远程工作站使用WIN95拨号网络实现连接。

  全局设置:

任务 命令
设置用户名和密码 username username password password
设置用户的IP地址池 ip local pool {default | pool-name low-ip-address [high-ip-address]}
指定地址池的工作方式 ip address-pool [dhcp-proxy-client | local]
  基本接口设置命令:
任务 命令
设置封装形式为PPP encapsulation ppp
启动异步口的路由功能 async default routing
设置异步口的PPP工作方式 async mode {dedicated | interactive}
设置用户的IP地址 peer default ip address {ip-address | dhcp | pool [pool-name]}
设置IP地址与Ethernet0相同 ip unnumbered ethernet0
  line拨号线设置:
任务 命令
设置modem的工作方式 modem {inout|dialin}
自动配置modem类型 modem autoconfig discovery
设置拨号线的通讯速率 speed speed
设置通讯线路的流控方式 flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | hardware [in | out]}
连通后自动执行命令 autocommand command
  访问服务器设置如下:

  Router:

  hostname Router

  enable secret 5 $1$EFqU$tYLJLrynNUKzE4bx6fmH//

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Async1

  ip unnumbered Ethernet0

  encapsulation ppp

  keepalive 10

  async mode interactive

  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142

  !

  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36

  !

  line con 0

  exec-timeout 0 0

  password cisco

  !

  line 1 16

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  flowcontrol hardware

  !

  line aux 0

  transport input all

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  !

  end

  相关调试命令:

  show interface

  show line

  1.2. Access Server通过Tacacs服务器实现安全认证:

  使用一台WINDOWS NT服务器作为Tacacs服务器,地址为10.111.4.2,运行Cisco2511随机带的Easy ACS 1.0软件实现用户认证功能.

  相关设置:

任务 命令
激活AAA访问控制 aaa new-model
用户登录时默认起用Tacacs+做AAA认证 aaa authentication login default tacacs+
列表名为no_tacacs使用ENABLE口令做认证 aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable
在运行PPP的串行线上采用Tacacs+做认证 aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+
由TACACS+服务器授权运行EXEC aaa authorization exec tacacs+
由TACACS+服务器授权与网络相关的服务请求。 aaa authorization network tacacs+
为EXEC会话运行记帐.进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+
为与网络相关的服务需求运行记帐包括SLIP,PPP,PPP NCPs,ARAP等.在进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+
指定Tacacs服务器地址 tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2
在Tacacs+服务器和访问服务器设定共享的关键字,访问服务器和Tacacs+服务器使用这个关键字去加密口令和响应信息。这里使用tac作为关键字。 tacacs-server key tac
  访问服务器设置如下:

  hostname router

  !

  aaa new-model

  aaa authentication login default tacacs+

  aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable

  aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+

  aaa authorization exec tacacs+

  aaa authorization network tacacs+

  aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+

  aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+

  enable secret 5 $1$kN4g$CvS4d2.rJzWntCnn/0hvE0

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  no ip address

  shutdown

  interface Serial1

  no ip address

  shutdown

  !

  interface Group-Async1

  ip unnumbered Ethernet0

  encapsulation ppp

  async mode interactive

  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142

  no cdp enable

  group-range 1 16

  !

  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36

  tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2

  tacacs-server key tac

  !

  line con 0

  exec-timeout 0 0

  password cisco

  login authentication no_tacacs

  line 1 16

  login authentication tacacs

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure type usr_courier

  autocommand ppp

  transport input all

  stopbits 1

  rxspeed 115200

  txspeed 115200

  flowcontrol hardware

  line aux 0

  transport input all

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  !

  end

  2. DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例

  此例通过Cisco 2500系列路由器的aux端口实现异步拨号DDR连接。Router1拨号连接到Router2。其中采用PPP/CHAP做安全认证,在Router1中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router2。同时在Router2中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router1。所建的这两用户的password必须相同。

  相关命令如下:

任务 命令
设置路由器与modem的接口指令 chat-script script-name EXPECT SEND EXPECT SEND (etc.)
设置端口在挂断前的等待时间 dialer idle-timeout seconds
设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address[name hostname] [broadcast] [modem-script
modem-regexp] [system-script system-regexp] [dial-string]
 
设置电话号码 dialer string dial-string
指定在特定线路下路由器默认使用的chat-script script {dialer|reset} script-name
  Router1:

  hostname Router1

  !

  enable secret 5 $1$QKI7$wXjpFqC74vDAyKBUMallw/

  !

  username Router2 password cisco

  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Async1

  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0

  encapsulation ppp

  async default routing

  async mode dedicated

  dialer in-band

  dialer idle-timeout 60

  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name Router2 modem-script cisco-default 573

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.2

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  line con 0

  line aux 0

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  flowcontrol hardware

  Router2:

  hostname Router2

  !

  enable secret 5 $1$F6EV$5U8puzNt2/o9g.t56PXHo.

  !

  username Router1 password cisco

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Async1

  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0

  encapsulation ppp

  async default routing

  async mode dedicated

  dialer in-band

  dialer idle-timeout 60

  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name Router1

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.1

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  line con 0

  line aux 0

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  flowcontrol hardware

  !

  相关调试命令:

  debug dialer

  debug ppp authentication

  debug ppp error

  debug ppp negotiation

  debug ppp packet

  show dialer

  3. 异步拨号备份DDN专线:

  此例主连接采用DDN专线,备份线路为电话拨号。当DDN专线连接正常时,主端口S0状态为up,line protocol亦为up,则备份线路状态为standby,line protocol为down,此时所有通信均通过主接口进行。当主接口连接发生故障时,端口状态为down,则激活备份接口,完成数据通信。此方法不适合为X.25做备份。因为,配置封装为X.25的接口只要和X.25交换机之间的连接正常其接口及line protocol的状态亦为 up,它并不考虑其它地方需与之通信的路由器的状态如何,所以若本地路由器状态正常,而对方路由器连接即使发生故障,本地也不会激活备份线路。例4将会描述如何为X.25做拨号备份。

  以下是相关命令:

任务 命令
指定主线路改变后,次线路状态发生改变的延迟时间 backup delay {enable-delay | never} {disable-delay | never}
指定一个接口作为备份接口 backup interface type number
  hostname c2522rb

  !

  enable secret 5 $1$J5vn$ceYDe2FwPhrZi6qsIIz6g0

  enable password cisco

  !

  username c4700 password 0 cisco

  ip subnet-zero

  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c

  chat-script reset atz

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 16.122.51.254 255.255.255.0

  no ip mroute-cache

  !

  interface Serial0

  backup delay 10 10

  backup interface Serial2

  ip address 16.250.123.18 255.255.255.252

  no ip mroute-cache

  no fair-queue

  !

  interface Serial1

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface Serial2

  physical-layer async

  ip address 16.249.123.18 255.255.255.252

  encapsulation ppp

  async mode dedicated

  dialer in-band

  dialer idle-timeout 60

  dialer map ip 16.249.123.17 name c4700 6825179

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  interface Serial3

  no ip address

  shutdown

  no cdp enable

  !

  interface Serial4

  no ip address

  shutdown

  no cdp enable

  !

  interface Serial5

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface Serial6

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface Serial7

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface Serial8

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface Serial9

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  interface BRI0

  no ip address

  no ip mroute-cache

  shutdown

  !

  router eigrp 200

  network 16.0.0.0

  !

  ip classless

  !

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  line con 0

  line 2

  script dialer cisco-default

  script reset reset

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  rxspeed 38400

  txspeed 38400

  flowcontrol hardware

  line aux 0

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  login

  !

  end

  c2522rb#

  4. 异步拨号备份X.25:

  设置X.25的拨号备份,首先X.25连接的端口必须运行动态路由协议,异步拨号口必须使用静态路由.本例选择EIGRP作为路由选择协议,将静态路由的Metric的值设置为200,由于EIGRP的默认Metric为90,所以当同时有两条路径通往同一网段时,其中Metric值小的路径生效,而当X.25连接出现问题时,路由器无法通过路由协议学习到路由表,则此时静态路由生效,访问通过拨号端口实现。当X.25连接恢复正常时,路由器又可以学习到路由表,则由于 Metric值的不同,静态路由自动被动态路由所代替,这样就实现了备份的功能。

  路由器Router1配置如下:

  hostname router1

  !

  enable secret 5 $1$UTvD$99YiY2XsRMxHudcYeHn.Y.

  enable password cisco

  !

  username router2 password cisco

  ip subnet-zero

  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c

  chat-script reset atz

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 202.96.38.100 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  ip address 202.96.0.1 255.255.255.0

  encapsulation x25

  x25 address 10112227

  x25 htc 16

  x25 map ip 202.96.0.2 10112225 broadcast

  !

  interface Serial1

  no ip address

  shutdown

  !

  !

  interface Async 1

  ip address 202.96.1.1 255.255.255.252

  encapsulation ppp

  dialer in-band

  dialer idle-timeout 60

  dialer map ip 202.96.1.2 name router2 modem-script cisco-default 2113470

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  router eigrp 200

  redistribute connected

  network 202.96.0.0

  !

  ip route 202.96.37.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.2 200

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  line con 0

  line aux 0

  script dialer cisco-default

  script reset reset

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  transport input all

  rxspeed 38400

  txspeed 38400

  flowcontrol hardware

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  login

  !

  end

  路由器Router2配置如下:

  hostname router2

  !

  enable secret 5 $1$T4IU$2cIqak8f/E4Ug6dLT0k.J0

  enable password cisco

  !

  username router1 password cisco

  ip subnet-zero

  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c

  chat-script reset atz

  !

  interface Ethernet0

  ip address 202.96.37.100 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0

  ip address 202.96.0.2 255.255.255.0

  no ip mroute-cache

  encapsulation x25

  x25 address 10112225

  x25 htc 16

  x25 map ip 202.96.0.1 10112227 broadcast

  !

  interface Serial1

  no ip address

  shutdown

  !

  interface Async1

  ip address 202.96.1.2 255.255.255.252

  encapsulation ppp

  keepalive 30

  async default routing

  async mode dedicated

  dialer in-band

  dialer idle-timeout 60

  dialer wait-for-carrier-time 120

  dialer map ip 202.96.1.1 name router1 modem-script cisco-default 2113469

  dialer-group 1

  ppp authentication chap

  !

  router eigrp 200

  redistribute static

  network 202.96.0.0

  !

  no ip classless

  ip route 202.96.38.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.1 200

  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  !

  line con 0

  exec-timeout 0 0

  line aux 0

  script reset reset

  modem InOut

  modem autoconfigure discovery

  transport input all

  rxspeed 38400

  txspeed 38400

  flowcontrol hardware

  line vty 0 4

  password cisco

  login

  !

  end

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