教育硕士英语虚拟语气详解

2015-11-10 00:00:00碧玉 教育硕士

  1) 语气:

  陈述,疑问,祈使,虚拟

  2) 虚拟语气:表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望,动词需要用一种特殊形式。

  形式分为三类:现在虚拟语气(动词用原形),过去虚拟语气(动词用过去式,但动词be要用were),过去完成形式(动词用过去完成时)。有些情态动词,如should, would, might常用在虚拟语气中。

  3) 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:

  虚拟条件句:就是包含条件从句的句子。

  条件句分为:

  真实条件句——有些条件句是可能实现的。

  虚拟条件句——有些条件句是纯假象的句子。

  If we leave now, we can still catch the train.

  If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.

  If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.

  4) 表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句:

  ⑴表示现在或将来的虚拟条件句——从句中的谓语(用过去式形式);主句谓语(would+动词原形)

  If I had a map I would lend it to you.

  If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.

  If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.

  注:If I were you句中,were不能改成was,但在第三人称单数后用was也可以。如:

  If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!

  ⑵主句谓语有时也可以由might, could构成。

  If I could type, I might save a lot of time.

  If he had a permit he could get a job.

  ⑶在条件句从句中有时还可以用were to +动词,或should+动词。

  If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place?

  If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.

  ⑷在某些条件从句中(如were to +动词,should+动词),if有时可以省略,这时语序要改为倒装。

  Were I Tom, I would refuse.

  Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.

  Should she be interested, I’ll phone her.

  ⑸从句有时可以用If it were not for这种句型,表示“若不是”。

  If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.

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