[C] the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.
　　[D] an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.
　　53. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that
　　[A] people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.
　　[B] doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.
　　[C] an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in
　　disease.
　　[D] excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.
　　54. The phrase “vocal ... exponent” (line 2, para. 4) most probably refers to
　　[A] eloquent doctor.
　　[B] articulate opponent.
　　[C] loud speaker.
　　[D] strong advocate.
　　55. What is the main message of this text?
　　[A] That the salt scare is not justified.
　　[B] That the cause of hypertension is now understood.
　　[C] That the moderate use of salt is recommended.
　　[D] That salt consumption is to be promoted.
　　Text 2
　　Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each other’s deficiencies and build on each other’s strengths.
　　Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teen-age boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.
　　Current research gives much deeper¾and more surprising¾insight into the father’s role in child-rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their children’s birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasise play more than caretaking. The father’s style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the child’s level. They seem willing to let the child direct play.
　　Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy. In one study of 2 -year-olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their father.
　　The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is particularly important in promoting self-control. According to one expert, “children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.” They learn when to “shut it down.”
　　At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence. Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing ever higher, while mother are cautious, worrying about an accident.
　　We know, too, that fathers’ involvement seems to be linked to improved verbal and problem-solving skills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters’ verbal ability.
　　For sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers’ involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies found a relationship between paternal nurturing and boys’ verbal intelligence.
　　56. The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both
　　parents is
　　[A] husband and wife can share housework.
　　[B] two adults are always better than one.
　　[C] the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognised.
　　[D] husband and wife can compensate for each other’s shortcomings.
　　57. According to paragraph 3, one significant difference between the father’s and
　　mother’s role in child-rearing is
　　[A] the style of play encouraged.
　　[B] the amount of time available.
　　[C] the strength of emotional ties.
　　[D] the emphasis of intellectual development.
　　58. Which of the following statements is true?
　　[A] Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers.