2016年6月第二套英语四级阅读理解真题【附答案】

2017-03-10 00:00:00云梦英语四级

　　47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?

　　A) They are aggressive.

　　B) They are outgoing.

　　C) They are ignorant.

　　D) They are ill-bred.

　　48. How do robots learn human values?

　　A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

　　B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

　　C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　D) By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.

　　49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

　　A) Keep a distance from possible dangers.

　　B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.

　　C) Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

　　D) Do sufficient testing before taking action,

　　50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?

　　A) Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　B) Design some large-scale experiments.

　　C) Set rules for man-machine interaction.

　　D) Develop a more sophisticated program.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

　　The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

　　Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

　　Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of along standing psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life,you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

　　Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults,which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

　　Personality isn't destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

　　51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ____.

　　A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span

　　B) to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their health

　　C) to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life

　　D) to examine all the factors contributing to longevity

　　52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?

　　A) They have a good understanding of evolution.

　　B) They are better at negotiating an agreement.

　　C) They generally appear more resourceful.

　　D) They are more likely to get over hardship.

　　53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?

　　A) Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.